How to Find the Right Cheap Custom Research Paper Writing

How to Find the Right Cheap Custom Research Paper WritingNowadays, people mostly go for custom research paper writing services to be able to get accurate and reliable results. Custom research paper writing offers quality writing and editing that give proper content to the paper. One thing that is important to know is that before starting on a project, one should have clear information on what the product or service is all about.A research paper consists of a variety of basic components such as literature study, case studies, case studies or surveys, application samples, theory study, content, keywords, and glossary. While discussing the above mentioned components in detail, it is necessary to mention the importance of all these components in order to put the research paper into a proper format. The writer will need to consider the different factors depending on the topic area of the paper.One can use a word processor and personal computer or laptop to be able to write the paper. Ther e are many online websites that are available online, but the main task here is to look for the sites that offer custom research paper writing services.These online sites offer a basic research paper writing along with various other services that one might require for their paper. It is really important to note that they are able to work faster than any other online papers. With their writing skills, you will be able to deliver fresh and better results and that is why it is extremely important for you to look for a website that offers customized and personalized research paper writing services.One may also look for websites that offer cheap custom research paper writing for free. These websites are usually affiliated with the same custom research paper writing companies and this is how they are able to come up with free papers that are of high quality. This means that the writer needs to make sure that he or she does not spend more than what is necessary and only this way, one will be able to deliver high quality research papers.Cheap custom research paper writing services might seem interesting in the initial stage but with time, you will realize that it is difficult to move on with such services when you do not have anything to present in the online paper writing site. It is therefore important for you to make sure that you have the right information to be able to choose a reputable and legitimate online writing company.The writer should not expect too much from the online writing company as he or she is not going to write the custom research paper writing for profit. They should also make sure that they do not pay the writers much as they should be able to cover the costs of the research paper writing as well as cover their cost of expenses.It is also important for the writer to find out whether the writers of the cheap custom research paper writing are well-trained and whether the writers are able to provide quality output. Only then the writer will be abl e to decide whether he or she wants to work with the writers or not.

How to Find the Best Philosophical Essay Topic

How to Find the Best Philosophical Essay TopicThe philosophical essay topic is one of the most difficult academic writing tasks. Many people who are beginning to write an essay or any other type of academic writing struggle with this. It requires much research and reflection on the many themes that philosophers have presented.Your main goal is to understand the theme. The topics are quite complex, but they are not difficult to understand once you know how. You should be able to answer the questions of what the theme means, what is meant by its definitions, and how it applies to the writer's world. Once you have these issues answered, you will have a better chance of completing your essay successfully.As you research topics for your philosophical essay, think about your theme and why you want to write about it. What do you hope to accomplish with the topic? Some authors choose themes that will help them in their own personal lives.When you think about your subject matter, find your pu rpose for writing about it. Who do you hope to convince? Think about the nature of your audience.One thing you should consider before writing a topic is if you need to ask permission from the topic. If you choose a topic that is controversial, you will need to obtain permission from the topic author. The topics are so broad that it can get confusing when someone makes some claims that contradict the topic. Make sure you do not confuse the topic or the author.You will need to find different types of references that are related to the topic. You should be able to find a book review that helps you understand the topic better. You should also know how the topic was discussed in classes or courses before you write your own interpretation.Use examples when possible when writing your topic. These will help the reader relate to your ideas more easily. Since you will be using examples, make sure they are direct quotes and do not give out the subject's identity.Your philosophical essay is bas ed upon your own experiences and it is up to you to connect those experiences to the theme. After you have chosen a topic, you can write about it further and use ideas from other sources to strengthen your argument. As you continue researching the topic, you will find many more resources for the topic that you have chosen. There are so many ideas to choose from when you are doing your research for your philosophical essay topic.

Gawain as a Hero

A hero is regarded as any individual who possesses exceptional and outstanding qualities, especially in circumstances where others have contemplated failure or given up. In other words, a hero is somebody who does an outstanding action that many people would not dare to try. Gawain can be considered as a hero in this poem due to his unique displays of determination, self-control and humility throughout the plot of the poem (Thomas 7).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Gawain as a Hero specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Gawain finds himself in tough situations that can jeopardize his life but his daring character keeps him on course to fulfill his promise of an immortal character. Like most heroes, he has his own weaknesses but the exemplary display and determination overshadows his shortcomings. He ends up being recognized in the whole Camelot city and reveals certain secrets that have long been unknown to many resid ents of the state. As the immortal Green Knight appears at Arthur’s Christmas party, all the knights at the round table are frightened. The fear is further increased by the challenge the Green Knight pauses and whose ultimate prize is not known by anyone. None of the knights who are considered to be the toughest military figures dare to take the challenge, â€Å"and none among them all dare answer speedily† (Stone line 437). Gawain, to everyone’s surprise steps up to take the challenge to save Arthur’s face. This definitely brings out the his courageous character. He is willing to take on a mighty giant regardless of the risk lying ahead when everybody else is unwilling: â€Å"I pray thee of thy grace, be this adventure mine!† (Alfred James line 519). Gawain also proves to be a hero when he chops off the head of the Green Knight in a single stroke. He puts his life on the scales with the hope that the Green Knight would die in this fight. Neverthe less, he is willing to keep the promise he made to the Green Knight and is ready to have whatever he did on the Green Knight be done on him at an agreed place, â€Å"That stroke for counter-stroke with me exchange† (Alfred James line 582). This is a unique action that none of the military knights could perform, and this makes Gawain a true hero. It is obvious that he is lucky enough to find Bertilak who offers him accommodation as he awaits the fateful encounter with the immortal knight. However, it is at the Bertilak’s castle that he finds a real test for his self-control. Bertilak’s wife freely offers herself to Gawain: â€Å"Do though in bed abide, and take thine ease I pray† (Alfred James line 1026). She does all she can when the husband is away to spend a night with Gawain as it is later revealed that it was a planned trap to test Gawain’s lustful power. Gawain is not aware of the plan but is wise enough to find his way out and by so doing h e proves to be a hero again, as he is strong enough to avoid the temptations from this lady and not to betray his host who has been so generous to him.Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He manages to coil around and only accepts a kiss daily from the lady. This again saves him of the trap ahead of him when Bertilak suggests that they offer to each other their daily spoils. While Bertilak brings game meat to Gawain daily, she is paid back with a kiss from Gawain since this is what he gets from the wife: â€Å"Whate’er in wood I win, the profit thine shall be, what cheer though shall achieve, halt give me† (Alfred James line 1058). One could wonder what Gawain would have paid back with should he had fallen for the sexual favors from Bertilak’s tempting wife. Here, he is regarded a hero by the society not only for managing his lust but also for taking the bes t option that saved him from falling into Bertilak’s trap. The final encounter with the Green Knight is blood curdling and chilling. In fact, when Gawain is about to meet the knight, the guide accompanying him promises not to let out the secret if Gawain changes his mind and turns down the earlier promise made to the Knight of which Gawain declines: †whereof, Gawain good, let this man alone† (Alfred James line 1088). Gawain is so terrified on the first occasion when the Knight tries to wield the ax until the Knight is forced to pull back and he demands for more courage from him. The hero Gawain does not even flinch on the second attempt when the knight tries a blow on him. In a surprising turn of events, it is Gawain who urges the knight to go through with it and fulfill the promise. It is interesting how Gawain has built up courage to face the giant Green Knight and the promise is fulfilled as earlier stated. Thus, Gawain is considered a hero for his massive cou rage and determination to meet the Knight’s challenge. His journey to the meeting point was made amidst hunger, cold, and desperation. Any other person could have contemplated giving up but Gawain kept to his course. Above all, he remained optimistic that nothing bad would befall him and that he would live to retell the story in Camelot. It indeed takes a hero to do this. Finally, Gawain meets his prize and takes back the good news. King Arthur is surprised by the revelations from Gawain’s journey and encounter. When Gawain sets out for the encounter he had nothing for his protection unlike the Knight who seemed to possess supernatural skills. Hence, the chances of him surviving the ordeal and coming back to Camelot (Greenblatt 2006). The Green Knight had promised to pay back with equal intensity whatever the challenge involved and now that Gawain chopped off the Knight’s head, little was expected of him since he had no powers to return back the head like the Kn ight had done.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Gawain as a Hero specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The whole Camelot is surprised when Gawain arrives back, and besides he brings forth news of the King’s kinsmen. No doubt, this is good news to the king and explains why all the military knights wear girdles around their wrists in honor of Gawain. Although they do not know the events that led Gawain to wear the girdle, they freely agree to wear the girdle to show respect and appreciation for him. This treatment by the knights towards Gawain shows the heroic concern accorded to him for his daring spirit to go yonder, fight and bring forth secrets of the king’s lineage. He definitely qualifies to be a hero for his accomplishment (Greenblatt 2006). Everyone is left wondering what Gawain’s next course of action will be. His ambition and determination leave everyone surprised. For instance, why should he put his life on the line to save King Arthur? He sets out to meet the Green Knight with little information about him and he is still determined to his course even when he knows that the end result might be the loss of his life. It is evident that he is doing this for fame and building a reputation for himself. He then qualifies to be called a hero in the society when he opens up to the Knight and accepts to have not offered to the knight everything he got from Bertilak’s wife. Gawain also confesses and repents of his sin and agrees to wear the girdle as a sign of his sins and begs the Knight to pardon him: â€Å"Thy plea I beseech† (Alfred James line 2034). Furthermore, the Knight notes that Gawain values his life more than being honest implying that Gawain is also concerned about his reputation and the public opinion about him (Burrow 2005). It is the public reputation that makes a hero and Gawain like any other individual with heroic ambitions pays much attentio n to the outward reputation and this is definitely the reason why Gawain repents of his sins and seeks forgiveness since he knows the Knight might reveal the same in Camelot. In this case, he is regarded as a hero since he accepts his weakness and makes an effort to make a good name. Very few people can make such a decision like that taken by Gawain given that only the Green Knight and he knew of this trap to test his integrity.Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Alfred, David James Simpson. The Norton Anthology: Sir Gawain and the Green  Knight. New York, NY: W.W. Norton Company, 2006. Print. Burrow, James. A Reading of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. London, UK: Kegan Paul Ltd., 2005. Print. Greenblatt, Stephen. The Norton Anthology of English Literature, London, UK: W.W. Norton and Co., 2006. Print. Stone, Brian.  Sir Gawain and the Green  Knight. London, UK: Penguin, 2004.Print.   Thomas, Gary. Your Research Project. New York, NY: Sage, Rudestam Newton, 2009. Print. This essay on Gawain as a Hero was written and submitted by user Renee Buchanan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

College Essay - How To Write One

College Essay - How To Write OneA college essay is not an academic essay. There are lots of different things that you should keep in mind if you are going to write a high school essay, so I want to share some tips with you.Most high school students are very familiar with the 'One-Sentence-Summary' essays that they use as summaries for their grades. These aren't what you want to do. You need to write a good essay, and this is very different from using a one-sentence-summary.First, you need to think about how you're going to organize your thoughts and ideas. Some people prefer to think of the essay as more of a diary entry than a report, so you want to make sure that you use the same format to group your thoughts.Organization is the key. It needs to be crystal clear and concise.Order is very important when writing an essay. Many times students who have really good written essays at the end of the school year have finished them just before the end of the year. By the time they give them to the professor, they're finished, but the end of the year papers have not been organized correctly, so there's no way for the professor to give them the proper grade.Now for the fun part, the college essay. If you want to make it easy for yourself, you can always rewrite the sections that you want to change. For example, instead of using, 'Sugar is not a diet aid', you could use 'Sugar has a number of side effects including dehydration, heart problems, depression, anxiety, and death'. This will make the sentence much shorter and more precise.There are lots of ways to do a college essay, but if you stick to these tips, you'll have no trouble writing a good one. Good luck!

Aviation insurance Essays

Aviation insurance Essays Aviation insurance Essay Aviation insurance Essay Words fall short to express my deep sense of gratitude towards them all, who have imparted their valuable time, energy and intellect towards the beautification of my project. I express my sincere gratitude to our principal our coordinator for their continuous support and encouragement. I extend my sincere gratitude to PROOF. PROHIBIT JITTERS my guide for guiding me throughout the project and for helping me whenever required. I also thank my collage library for also thank My God, My parents and My friends for their contribution towards the project. Objective of the project This project has been undertaken with following objectives in mind: To understand the Insurance Sector in India, its nature functioning. To understand the concept of Aviation Insurance. To comprehend the impacts of the new norms on the functioning of the Insurance sector in India. To understand how these norms are put to practice. This involves understanding of the coalition of input data, the process of data sorting, computing according to the norms, assessing different stress scenarios and the final output of such computations. It also involves close observation of the problems faced in implementation. To draw a parallel of this situation to the Insurance industry as whole. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research always starts with a question or a problem. Its purpose is to question through the application of the scientific method. It is a systematic and intensive study directed towards a more complete knowledge of the subject studied. There are two types of data collection method use in my project report. Primary data For my project, I decided on primary data collection method for observing Aviation Insurance Company. For this information I visited to the Reliance General Insurance. Asked the questions to sales manager about the aviation insurance. Secondary data I decided on Secondary data collection method was used by referring to various websites, books, magazines, Journals and daily newspapers for collecting information regarding project under study. Executive Summary Aviation Insurance was first introduced in the early years of the 20th Century. The first aviation insurance policy was written by Loads of London in 1911. The company at an air meet caused losses on many of those first policies. Insurance is one of the most popular in business today since they characterized the new economy acceptance of country boundaries. The purpose of these study the valuation process approaches in aviation by analyzing the insurance corporation case base upon the valuation this report will identify the why aviation insurance is needed. This report the Indian Insurance sector, History of insurance in India, History of Aviation Insurance, products features of Aviation Insurance, Effects Of 9/1 1 Attack On Aviation Insurance INDEX SIR. NO CHAPTER History Of Insurance 9_15 2. Origin Development Of Insurance 16-21 3. History Of Aviation Insurance 22-27 4. Products Of Aviation Insurance 28-37 5. Future of aviation insurance 38-49 6. Case Study 50-58 7. Conclusion Bibliography Aviation Insurance CHAPTER 1 HISTORY OF INSURANCE 1. 1 Introduction Humans have always sought security. This quest for security was an important motivating force in the earliest formations of families, tribes, and other groups. The groups have been the primary source of both emotional and physical security since the beginning of humankind. Humans today continue their quest o achieve security and reduce uncertainty. We still rely on groups for financial stability. With industrialization our physical and economic security has diminished. Mankind is exposed to many serious hazards, which cause stoppage of income. The biggest worry any human being has is the economic worry. He is always thinking of tomorrow and the days to come and he will be planning to meet the demands of his family, his business and that of his own needs. The economic worries may arise due to stoppage of income. Our income dependent, wealth- acquiring lifestyle renders us and our families more vulnerable to environmental and social changes over which we have no control. There may be accidents, sickness disability, or due to premature death of the readiness. It is impossible to prevent such calamities. But it is always possible to provide against the loss of income that may result out of such these perils. Risk is defined as uncertainty of financial loss. If the event were certain to happen, then there be no loss if the event were certain not to happen, then also there is no loss. It is the uncertainty about the time of loss that worries the mankind. Insurance in India The insurance sector in India has come a full circle from being an open competitive market to nationalization and back to a liberalized market again. Tracing the developments in the Indian insurance sector reveals the 360 degree turn witnessed over a period of almost two centuries. 1. 2 An Overview of Insurance Industry Insurance has a long history in India. Life Insurance in its current form was introduced in 1818 when Oriental Life Insurance Company began its operations in Triton Insurance company set up its base in Kola. History of Insurance in India can be broadly bifurcated into three areas: a) Pre Nationalization b) Nationalization and c) Post Nationalization. Life Insurance was the first to nationalize in 1956. Life Insurance Corporation of India was formed by consolidating the operations of various insurance companies. General Insurance followed suit and was nationalized in 1973. General Insurance Corporation of India was set up as the controlling body with New India, United India, National and Oriental as its subsidiaries. The process of opening up the insurance sector was initiated against the background of Economic Reform process which commenced from 1991. For this purpose Malory Committee was formed during this year who submitted their report in 1994 and Insurance Regulatory Development Act (ERDA) was passed in 1999. Resultantly Indian Insurance was opened for private impasses and Private Insurance Company effectively started operations from 2001. 1. 3 Global Standards While the world is eyeing India for growth and expansion, Indian companies are becoming increasingly world class. Take the case of LICK, which has set its sight on becoming a major global player following an Rests-core investment from the Indian government. The company now operates in Mauritius, Fiji, the I-J, Sir Lankan, and Nepal and will soon start operations in Saudi Arabia. It also plans to venture into the African and Asia-Pacific regions in 2006. The year 2005 was a testing phase for the mineral insurance industry with a series of catastrophes hitting the Indian sub- continent. However, with robust reinsurance programmers in place, insurers have successfully managed to tide over the crisis without any adverse impact on their balance sheets. With life insurance premiums being Just 2. 5% of GAP and general insurance premiums being 0. 65% of GAP, the opportunities in the Indian market place is immense. The next five years will be challenging but those that can build scale and market share will survive and prosper. 1. REGULATORY ACTS A number of acts govern the insurance sector The Insurance Act, 1938 The Insurance Act, 1938 was the first legislation governing all forms of insurance to provide strict state control over insurance business. General Insurance Business (Nationalization) Act, 1972 The General Insurance Business (Nationalization) Act 1972 was enacted to nationalize the 100 odd general insurance companies and subsequent ly merging them into four companies. All the companies were amalgamated into National Insurance, New India Assurance, Oriental Insurance, and United India Insurance. Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Act, 1999 Till 1999, there were not any private insurance companies in Indian insurance sector. The Gobo. Of India then introduced the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Act in 1999, thereby De-regulating the insurance sector and allowing and capped at 26% holding in the Indian insurance companies. 1. 5 Regulations for Indian Insurers To protect the interests of holder of insurance policy and to regulate, promote and ensure orderly growth of the insurance industry Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (ERDA) was established. Under the new dispensation Indian insurance companies in private sector were permitted to operate in India with he following conditions: Company is formed and registered under the Companies Act, 1956. The aggregate holdings of equity shares by a foreign company, either by itself or through its subsidiary companies or its nominees, do not exceed 26%, paid up equity capital of such Indian insurance company. The Companys sole purpose is to carry on life insurance business or general insurance business or reinsurance business. The minimum paid up equity capital for life or general insurance business is crossers. The minimum paid up equity capital for carrying on reinsurance business has been prescribed as crossers. . 6 Role Functions of ERDA: Section 14 of ERDA Act, 1999 lays down the duties, powers and functions of ERDA. Subject to the provisions of this Act and any other law for the time being in force, the Authority shall have the duty to regulate, promote and ensure orderly growth of the insurance business and re-insurance business. Without prejudice to the generality of the provisions contained in sub-section (1), the powers and functions of the Authority shall include. Issue to the applicant a certificate of registration, renews, modify, withdraw, suspend or cancel such registration. Protection of the interests of the policy holders in matters concerning assigning of policy, nomination by policy holders, insurable interest, settlement of insurance claim, surrender value of policy and other terms and conditions of contracts of insurance. Specifying requisite qualifications, code of conduct and practical training for intermediary or insurance intermediaries and agents. Specifying the code of conduct for surveyors and loss assessors. Promoting efficiency in the conduct of insurance business. Promoting and regulating professional organizations connected with the insurance and re-insurance business. Levying fees and other charges for carrying out the purposes of this Act. 1. 7 Functions of Insurance The function of insurance is to safeguard against such misfortunes by having contributions of the many pay for the losses of the unfortunate few. This is the essence of insurance- the sharing of losses and, in the process, the substitution of certain, small loss called the premium for an uncertain, large loss. From an economic perspective, insurance is a financial intermediation function by which individuals exposed to a specified contingency each contribute to a pool from which overfed events suffered by participating individuals are paid. Insurance then is a is an agreement, the insurance policy or insurance contract, by which one party, the policy owner, pays a stipulated consideration called the premium to the other party called the insurer, in return for which the insurer agrees to pay a defined amount of provide a defined service if a covered event occurs during the policy term. The person whose life, health or property is the object of the insurance policy is referred to as the insured. Insurance provides certainty of payment of sum assured at the happening of the event. Since no one can predict the happening of the event in advance, it is not possible to compensate against the loss There is an uncertainty about the time of the event happening. We will not be also sure about the quantum of loss. Provides Assistance to Business Large capital investments on buildings and machinery can be protected against loss by Insurance. The cost of Insurance will be very small compared to the total loss. Provides financial stability to commerce and industry When material damage takes place due to peril, there will be stoppage in production resulting in reduction in profit. Loss of profit Insurance can take care of the loss in net profits in addition to loss of machinery. Insurance serves as a basis of credit Industry and commerce approach banks and financial institutions for financial assistance to develop their business. A collateral security may be necessary to secure against the finance advanced. Insurance policies can provide against such advances. Insurance plays a role in reduction of losses. Insurance companies render advice as to how losses can be minimized by using various safety measures because of their experience. Insurance provides fund for investment The Insurer will have huge funds collected from Insured by way of premiums. These funds are not kept idle, but invested in nation building activities. Insurance earns foreign exchange Indian Insurance companies have branches in different countries, where large volume of business is transacted. This will fetch huge amount in foreign currency. 1. Nature of Insurance Sharing Of Risk Insurance is a social devise to share the financial loss, which may befall individuals due to many events. Whereas it is not possible to share deaths, accidents or sickness, it is always possible to share the economic losses, which come out of Hess events. All persons who are exposed to similar risks come together and share the loss. Co-operat ive Endeavourer In every type of Insurance, large number of persons are brought together to share the loss. They have a common goal biz. , to plan the economic future. Such people come together voluntarily or through publicity or through soliciting. It is the Insurer who compensates the loss of few from the contributions received from many. Value of risk The risk or financial loss is measured in terms of money before insuring. This is done by means of past experience of the Insurer. This will enable him to collect the cost of Insurance in adequate measure. Payment at contingency insured. It may be premature death or end of the term in Life Insurance. In non-life, it may be the happening of the event. Amount of payment In Life Insurance the amount is fixed at the beginning of the contract and full amount is paid at death or end of term. But in other types of Insurance the amount of loss only is paid. CHAPTER 2 Origin and Development of Insurance 2. 1 Introduction Insurance in the modern form originated in the Mediterranean during 14th century. The earliest references to insurance have been found in Babylonian, he Greeks and the Romans. The use of insurance appeared in the account of North Italian merchant banks who then dominated the international trade in Europe at that time. Marine insurance is the oldest form of insurance followed by life insurance and fire insurance. The patterns that have been used in England followed in other countries also in these kinds of insurance. The origin and growth of Marine Insurance, life Insurance, Fire Insurance and miscellaneous insurance are given below: 1. Marine Insurance The oldest and the earliest records of marine policy relates to a Mediterranean voyage in 1347. In the year 1400, a book written by a merchant of Florence, indicates premium rates charged for the shipments by sea from London to Pisa. Marine Insurance spread from Italy to trading routes in other countries of Europe. Marine Insurance in India There is evidence that marine insurance was practiced in India some three thousand years ago. In earlier days travelers by sea and land were exposed to risk of losing their vessels and merchandise because of piracy on the open seas. Moreland has maintained that the practice of insurance was quite common during the rule of Kafka to Rearrange, but the nature and coverage f insurance in this period is not well known. It was the British, insurers who introduced general insurance in India, in its modern form. The Bruisers opened general insurance in India around the year 1700. The first company, known as the Sun Insurance Office Ltd. Was set up in Calcutta in the year 1710. This followed by several insurance companies of different parts of the world, in the field of marine insurance. In 1972, the government of India nationalized the general insurance business by forming GIG. 2. Life Insurance The early developments of life insurance were closely linked with that of urine insurance. The first insurers of life were the marine insurance underwriters who started issuing life insurance policies on the life of master and crew of the ship, and the merchants. The early insurance contracts took the nature of policies for a short period only. The underwriters issued annuities and pension for a fixed period or for life to provide relief to widows on the death of life of William Gibbons for a period of 12 months. Life Insurance in India The British companies started life insurance business in India, by issuing policies exclusively on the lives of European soldiers and civilians. They sometimes issued policies on the lives of Indians by charging extra. Different insurance companies like Bombay Insurance Company LTD. 1793) and Oriental Life Assurance Company (1818) was formed to issue life assurance policies in India. Gradually, the first Indian Company named as Bombay Mutual Life Insurance Society Ltd. Was formed in DCE. 1870. By 1971, the total numbers of companies working in India were 15, out of which 7 were Indian and the remaining were British companies. After several changes have been made for the period from 1930 to 1938, the Government of India passed Insurance Act, 1938. The act still applies to all kinds of insurance business by instituting necessary amendments from time to time. . Fire Insurance Fire insurance has its origin in Germany where it was introduced in municipalities for providing compensation to owners of the property, in return for an annual contribution, based on the rent of those premises. The fire insurance in its present form started after the most disastrous fire in human history known as the Great Fire in London, which had destroyed several buildings. It drew the attention of the public and the first fire insurance commercially transacted in 1667. The Industrial Revolution (1720-1850) gave much impetus to fire insurance. The Nineteenth century marked the development of fire insurance. Fire Insurance in India In India, fire insurance was started during the British regime. The oldest of these companies include the Sun Insurance Office, Calcutta (1710), London Assurance and Royal Exchange Assurance (1720), Phoenix Assurance Company (1782), etc. 4. Miscellaneous Insurance Due to the increasing demands of the time, different forms of insurance have been developed. Industrial Revolution of 19th century had facilitated the placement of accidental insurance, theft and didactic, fidelity insurance, etc. In 20th century, many types of social insurance started operating, biz. , unemployment insurance, crop insurance, cattle insurance, etc. This way the business of insurance developed simultaneously with human and social development. Today, the use of computers in the field of insurance is frequently increasing. Insurance becomes an inseparable part of human development. Miscellaneous insurance are of many types like: Health Insurance All-risks Insurance Consequential Loss Insurance General Public Liability Insurance Burglary Insurance Golf Insurance Money Insurance Fidelity Guarantee Insurance Workmen Compensation Insurance Aviation Insurance which is again a type of miscellaneous insurance, concentrating on each and every aspect of aviation insurance and how it has affected the service sector in recent times. Aviation is the most expensive industry means of transport today. This sector gained importance and created awareness after the 9/1 1 attack on the twin towers of America. After this attack lot of changes took place in the aviation sector and also lot of amendments were made by the law to regulate the aviation insurance contracts. So let us see what these changes are and how aviation insurance forms one of the important part of any countrys insurance sector. 2. 2 Effects of 9/1 1 Attack on Aviation Insurance Following the September 1 1 the attack in the United States, the subject of aviation insurance attracted much attention in the media and elsewhere after aviation insurers worldwide withdrew cover for the specific acts of war and terrorism. As a result, many national governments stepped in to provide temporary insurance cover to ensure that airlines continued flying. Short to medium term solutions At the request of the airline industry the International Civil Aviation Organization established a special group on war risk insurance (SWIG) which, as a short and medium term measure recommended the setting up of an international mechanism funded by insurance premiums to provide no concealable third-party aviation war risk coverage through a non-profit special purpose insurance entity (GLOBAL TIME) with multilateral government backing for the initial years. As a long-term solution the SWIG recommended that an international convention be developed which would limit the third-party liability of he aviation industry for losses arising from war, hijacking and allied perils. Uncertainty ahead? Some four years on from 9/11, most governments have withdrawn guarantees for hull and over to airlines and airport service providers. Notable exceptions include the United States, China and Singapore. The market has now responded with certain insurers offering major airlines limited no concealable third party coverage. Enthusiasm for GLOBAL TIME has waned and a new convention on damage caused to third parties on the ground has yet to be agreed. In Asia at least, the airline industry has experienced a dramatic turnaround in retunes with renewed prosperity. However, as with other classes of catastrophe business, there remain underlying uncertainties in the aviation insurance market that could dramatically change the environment. Convention and statutory limits The Montreal Convention 1999, which governs the liability of airlines in relation to passengers and cargo interests, requires airlines to obtain adequate insurance to cover their liabilities under the Convention. In addition, airlines are required by many states to have minimum insurance limits to cover such liabilities including third party surface damage. After the September 1 1, 2001,

Psychological disorders and how they affect every day life Essay

Psychological disorders and how they affect every day life - Essay Example Bipolar disorder mainly affects those in the adult stage of life and it lasts a lifetime and very few cases of Bipolar disorder have been reported in childhood. Bipolar disorders are characterized by extreme mood changes that cause patients to exhibit inconsistent moods and feelings. The condition, if not well managed, can be a cause for stress and agony for both the victim and the family members who are affected indirectly or directly by the sharp mood fluctuations of their loved ones as a result of the Bipolar disorder. While the manic state leads to dangerous behavior, the depressive state for Bipolar disorder can result into suicide. This paper further looks at incidences of misdiagnosis, as well as the available treatments for the Bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorders are manifested in various forms such as suffering from mania state as well as depressions state which interrupts the patient's normal way of life such as sleeping, eating, studies for students, as well as many other parts of life such as relationship in marriage given that such mood swings affects how couples, partners and spouses communicate with one another (Soares, & Mann, 1997.26-76). The seriousness of the Bipolar disorder is such that it can result into a sense of hyperactivity in an individual whereby a patient, full of energy gets easily excited and energized to such high levels that they may get involved in uncontrollable behavior (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). The fact that Bipolar disorder is hard to predict, control due to sudden mood changes makes its diagnosis a hard task, something that has resulted into misdiagnosis in the past (American Psychiatric Association, 1994.43-59). Bipolar disorder is known to be caused by a wide range of factors all tied to genetics or environment and are linked to the brain (Soares, & Mann, 1997.54-74). Soares, and Mann, (1997.61-74) further notes that, biological factors such as imbalance of neurotransmitters, triggers such as; unexpected or major life events are possible causes of Bipolar disorder although research in this area is ongoing and new evidence can come up in the next few years. The Bipolar disorder consists of the following episodes according to (Hyman, & Rudorfer, 2000.78-125) - depression, mania, hypomania as well as mixed moods. Depression mood episode refers to a situation whereby the Bipolar disorder patient experiences long durations of sadness, laziness that makes the bipolar patient to experience unusually difficulties in waking up and/or taking meals. Mania mood episode results into hyperactivity characterized by risky behavior which can cause harm to those around the patient. Hypomania mood episode exhibits symptoms similar to those of mania, although Hypomania symptoms are less severe. Hypomania is characterized by false 'good' feeling although this can sometimes degenerate into other mood episodes such as depression and mania, which can lead the patient into engaging in the risky behavior characteristic to mania episodes. Mixed mood episode is the condition whereby, the patient experiences symptoms of mania and depression in a single day, something which means that the bipolar patient can be overwhelmed by the mood changes. In addition, Bipolar disorder is a condition that lasts a whole life time and therefore the better it is managed, the more the quality of life a patient is exposed to. Also proper medication are preferred and recommended

College Controversial Essay Topics - Writing the Essay Youve Always Wanted

College Controversial Essay Topics - Writing the Essay You've Always WantedIf you are about to write a college controversial essay topic, you should know that it is very important. Your essay is not just an important part of your entire degree, but is the one thing that will determine whether or not you get accepted for the program you want to go to. Therefore, it's important that you give it the proper attention and writing that it deserves.Before even starting your college critical essay topics, it is important that you think about how your topic will affect the other students in the class. If you're writing a history paper, then there is no doubt that the student in the back of the class might start to feel that he or she doesn't have a voice in the class. If you use your essay to support their point of view, then you might upset the other students in the class.If you write about race relations in the United States, then you might upset a few students who aren't particularly race conscious. So how do you make sure that your essay topic does not upset other students?Since this is what your college essay topics are going to be about, it's crucial that you make sure that you go over each of your topic ideas and decide whether or not you can support it. One way to do this is to write down your personal opinions and then let the other students in the class to hear those opinions.While you might find it difficult to talk about yourself in a classroom, remember that writing about your opinion about a particular subject will help you make sure that you are writing a good persuasive essay topic. And if the topic is controversial, that can only help you to show the other students why you should get into your college program.One way to make sure that your controversial essay topics do not offend the students in the class is to read the other essays in the class. This will help you see if there are topics that you might disagree with and you can either leave out the par ts that are your personal opinion or write them into the article.While writing your college controversial essay topics, you have to make sure that you are writing from a place of opinion. You can't do that if you're just doing it because you want to get into college.